Bibliography
Bibliography
Compiled by Anoushka Rao and Yashwin Singh
1. Vestibule of an Ancient Temple
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista, and Gillian Furlong. “The Ruins of Rome, Seen through 18th-Century Eyes.” In Treasures from UCL, 1st ed., 112–13. UCL Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1g69xrh.39
Thompson, Wendy. “Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pira/hd_pira.html (October 2003).
Zucker, Paul. “Ruins. An Aesthetic Hybrid.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 20, no. 2 (1961): 119–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/427461
2. St. Paul’s
Coarelli, Filippo, James J. Clauss, Daniel P. Harmon, J Anthony Clauss, and Pierre A. Mackay. “Western Environs: Viae Aurelia, Campana, Ostiensis.” In Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, 1st ed., 437–43. University of California Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt5vk043.20
Grundhauser, Eric. “Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls.” Atlas Obscura, September 23, 2014. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/basilica-of-saint-paul-outside-the-…;
Kinney, Dale. "Review of St. Paul's Outside the Walls: A Roman Basilica, from Antiquity to the Modern Era, by Nicola Camerlenghi." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 80, no. 4 (2021): 478-480. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2021.80.4.478
Popkin, Maggie L. "Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 3 (2015): 289–312. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.3.289.
Rosenfeld, Myra Nan. “Picturesque to Sublime: Piranesi’s Stylistic and Technical Development from 1740 to 1761.” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes 4 (2006): 55–91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4238468.
Trout, Dennis. “(Re-)Founding Christian Rome: The Honorian Project of the Early Seventh Century.” In Urban Developments in Late Antique and Medieval Rome: Revising the Narrative of Renewal, edited by Gregor Kalas and Ann van Dijk, 149–76. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1r4xczg.9
3. Capitoline Hill
Bringmann, Klaus. “Foundation of the city of Rome”. In A History of The Roman Republic translated by W. J. Smyth. Polity Press, 2007.
4. Hadrian's Mausoleum
Hind, Arthur Mayger. Giovanni Battista Piranesi: A Critical Study, with a List of His Published Works and Detailed Catalogues of the Prisons and the Views of Rome. Da Capo Press, New York, 1967.
Lewis, Jacqueline. "12 Facts about Giovanni Battista Piranesi" TheCollector.com, Jun 3, 2023, https://www.thecollector.com/giovanni-battista-piranesi/.
P. Pensabene and A. Ottati "Il cosidetto Mausoleo e l'ordine dorico a Villa Adriana". Una storia mai finita, Novita e prospettive della ricerca, Ministero per i 46 Beni e le Attivita Culturali Sopridentenza per i Beni Archaeologici del Lazio, Milano 2010, p. 120-24
Penelope J.E. Davies, Death and the Emperors: Roman Imperial Funerary Monuments from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius (Cambridge University Press, 2000).
Rebecchini, Guido. “Rituals of Justice and the Construction of Space in Sixteenth-Century Rome.” I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance Volume 16, no. 1/2 (September 2013): 153–79. https://doi.org/10.1086/673419
Thompson, Wendy. “Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778).” In The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. October, 2003. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pira/hd_pira.htm.
Wilton-Ely, John. "Piranesi, Giovanni Battista." Grove Art Online. 2003. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000067810.
5. Egyptian Obelisk
Julius, Eline. “Obelisks in Late Antiquity: Roman or Egyptian? The Symbolic and Functional Meaning of Egyptian Obelisks in the Roman World in the 3rd and 4th Centuries AD,” From Leiden University's Student Repository. August 29, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/28377.
Lowe, Adam. "An atemporal approach to Piranesi and his designs." In The Arts of Piranesi: Architect, etcher, antiquarian, vedutista, designer. (2012): 181-219. https://factumfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/An-atemporal-approach-to-Piranesi-and-his-designs.pdf
McGeough, Kevin M. “Imagining Ancient Egypt as the Idealized Self in Eighteenth-Century Europe.” Essay. In Eighteenth-Century Thing Theory in a Global Context, 89–113. Ashgate, 2013. https://scholar.ulethbridge.ca/sites/default/files/mcgekm/files/imaginingegypt.pdf?m=1458144700
Parker, Grant. “Monolithic Appropriation? The Lateran Obelisk Compared.” Chapter. In Rome, Empire of Plunder: The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation, edited by Matthew P. Loar, Carolyn MacDonald, and Dan-el Padilla Peralta, 137–59. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista, “1720-1778: Obelisco Egizio.” National Library of New Zealand. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23133696.
Quast, Matthias. "Fontana, Domenico." Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online. 2003. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-90000371800
Voigts, Clemens, and E. C. Heine. "Constructing a discourse on the art of engineering: Domenico Fontana and the Vatican Obelisk." In Under Construction: Building the Material and the Imagined World (2015): 141-61. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342927749_Constructing_a_Discourse_on_the_Art_of_Engineering_Domenico_Fontana_and_the_Vatican_Obelisk
6. Octavia
Bowron, Edgar Peters, and Rishel, Joseph J. “The Entrepôt of Europe.” In Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century, 17–47. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2000.
Felice, Emanuele, and Vecchi, Giovanni. “Italy’s Growth and Decline, 1861-2011.” SSRN, October 14, 2013. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2339177.
Helble, Marcus. “The Porticus of Octavia.” The Urban Legacy of Ancient Rome - Spotlight at Stanford. November 8, 2018. https://exhibits.stanford.edu/nash/feature/the-porticus-of-octavia.
Maier, Jessica. “Piranesi’s Fragmentary Eloquence.” Eighteenth-Century Life 42, Vol. no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 117–20. https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-4261315.
Segundo, Plinio. Historia Naturalis. Parma: Andreas Portilia, 1481.
Thompson, Wendy. “Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778).” In The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. October, 2003. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pira/hd_pira.htm.
Woodhull, Margaret. “Engendering Space: Octavia’s Portico in Rome.” In Aurora, The Journal of The History of Art 4, 4:13–33. WAPACC Organization, 2003.
7. Plautii Tomb, Tivoli
Dio Cassius. Roman History, Volume VII: Books 56-60. Translated by Earnest Cary, Herbert B. Foster. Loeb Classical Library 175. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1924.
Lowe, Adam. “Messing About with Masterpieces: New Work by Giambattista Piranesi (1720-1778).” Art in Print 1, no. 1 (2011): 14–24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43045172.
Taylor, Lily Ross. “Trebula Suffenas and the Plautii Silvani.” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 24 (1956): 7–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/4238637.
Zarucchi, Jeanne Morgan. “The Literary Tradition of Ruins of Rome and a New Consideration of Piranesi’s Staffage Figures.” Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 35, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 359–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-0208.2011.00459.x.
8. Tomb Piso, Appian Way
Coarelli, Filippo, James J. Clauss, Daniel P. Harmon, Anthony J. Clauss. Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide. 1st ed. University of California Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt5vk043.
Connors, Catherine. “Seeing Cypresses in Virgil.” The Classical Journal 88, no. 1 (1992): 1–17. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3297739.
Lanciani, Rodolfo. Pagan and Christian Rome. New York City, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1893. Accessed July 8, 2024. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/6*.html
Lanciani, Rodolfo. “Book IV, Urbs Sacra Regionum XIV.” Chapter. In The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 321–22. New York City, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1897. Accessed July 8, 2024. https://ia801307.us.archive.org/10/items/cu31924028273997/cu31924028273997.pdf.
Plutarch. “The Life of Crassus.” Book. In Lives Volume III, translated by Bernadotte Perrin. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1916. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Crassus*.html
Statius. Silvae. Edited and translated by D. R. Shackleton Bailey. Loeb Classical Library 206. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Tacitus. Histories: Books 1-3.Translated by Clifford H. Moore. Loeb Classical Library 111. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.
Wilton-Ely, John. Piranesi: The Complete Etchings. 1st ed. Vol. 1 and 2. San Francisco, California: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 1994.
Zarucchi, Jeanne Morgan. “The Literary Tradition of Ruins of Rome and a New Consideration of Piranesi’s Staffage Figures.” Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 35, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 359–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-0208.2011.00459.x.
9. Remains of Villa of Maecenas
D'Alessio, Alessandro. "Spazio, Funzioni e Paesaggio Nei Santuari a Terrazze Italici Di Età Tardo-Repubblicana." In Tradizione e Innovazione: L'Elaborazione del Linguaggio Ellenistico Nell'Architettura Romana e Italica di Età Tardo-Rrepublicana, 51–86. Roma, Italia: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2011.
Jones, Thomas, and John A. Pinto. "View of the Villa of Maecenas at Tivoli and the Villa d'Este at Tivoli, 1777." In City of the Soul: Rome and the Romantics, 110–11. University Press of New England, 2016. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9k9w.39 .
Pinto, John. "Piranesi at Hadrian's Villa." Studies in the History of Art 43 (1993): 465–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42622087.
Popkin, Maggie L. "Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 3 (2015): 289–312. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.3.289.
Tait, A. A. "Reading the Ruins: Robert Adam and Piranesi in Rome." Architectural History 27 (1984): 524–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/1568494.
10. Altra Veduta Mecanate
Curra, Edoardo, Alessandro D’Amico, and Marco Angelosanti. “HBMI between Antiquity and Industrial Archaeology: Former Segre Papermill and Sanctuary of Hercules in Tivoli.” Sustainability 14 (2022): 1329.
Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco. “Altra veduta interna della Villa di Mecenate in Tivoli.” Accessed July 20, 2024. https://www.famsf.org/artworks/altra-veduta-interna-della-villa-di-mece…
Gowers, Emily. Rome’s Patron: The Lives and Afterlives of Maecenas. Princeton University Press, 2024.
Mari, Zaccaria and Alessandra Tomassetti. “Ancora Sulla Ceramica Decorata con Paste Vitree da Tivoli.” Archeologia Classica Vol. 59 (2008): 395.
Statius, Publius Papinius. Silvae, Book 3. Translated by J.H. Mozley. London Heinemann, 1928.
Villae Tivoli. “Sanctuary of Hercules Victor.” Accessed September 22, 2024. https://villae.cultura.gov.it/en/the-locations/santuary-of-hercules-victor/.
11. Colosseum
(No citations or Bibliography yet)
12. Pantheon
Etlin, Richard. "Piranesi, Antiquity, and the Ideal of Rome." Eighteenth-Century Studies 21, no. 4 (1988): 481-504.
Graham-Dixon, Andrew. Art of Eternity: The Rediscovery of Classical Antiquity. New York: HarperCollins, 2010.
Hemsoll, David. “Palladio’s Architectural Orders: From Practice to Theory.” Architectural History 58 (2015): 1–54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26406252.
Hopkinson, Sarah. "Giovanni Battista Piranesi: Architectural Fantasy and Historical Truth." Art History 42, no. 4 (2019): 763-788.
Jefferson, Thomas. "Notes on Architecture." In The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, edited by Henry A. Washington, Vol. 5, 123-125. New York: J.C. Riker, 1853-1854.
Marodin, Helen B. K. Unlocking Piranesi's Imaginary Prisons. Ph.D. diss., University of South Carolina, 2018. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/unlocking-piranesis-imaginary-prisons/docview/2128214700/se-2
Middleton, Robin. Review of Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778), by Carlo Bertelli, Teresa Villa Salamon, Andrew Robison, Dorothea Nyberg, L. Katz, J. Berman, Arthur M. Sackler, et al. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 41, no. 4 (1982): 333–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/989805.
Robison, Andrew. "Piranesi's Views of Rome." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 31, no. 3 (1972): 197-214.
University of California Press. "Giovanni Battista Piranesi." Journal of Society Architectural History 41, no. 4 (1982): 333-344
Vitruvius. De Architectura. Translated by Ingrid Rowland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
13. Temple of Camenae
Dickson, Katrina Marie. Herodes Atticus: The Politics of Patronage. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1998.
Hardie, Alex. “The Camenae in Cult, History, and Song.” Classical Antiquity 35, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 45–85. https://doi.org/10.1525/ca.2016.35.1.45.
Pomeroy, Sarah B. The Murder of Regilla: a Case of Domestic Violence in Antiquity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010
Zarucchi, Jeanne. “The Literary Tradition of the Ruins of Rome and a New Consideration of Piranesi’s Staffage Figures.” Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 35, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 359–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-0208.2011.00459.x
14. Grotto of Egeria
Burke, Edmund, and Abraham Mills. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful; with an Introductory Discourse Concerning Taste. New York: Harper, 1844. https://www.loc.gov/item/09013903/.
Byron, Lord George Gordon. "Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage." Canto IV. New York: G. Munro, 1886. https://www.loc.gov/item/24023105/.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Letters from Switzerland and Travels in Italy. Translated by A. J. W. Morrison. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1892. Urbana, IL
Haussler, Ralph. “Index.” In Sacred Landscapes in Antiquity, July 31, 2020, 429–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13pk5nv.38.
Menconero, Sofia. “Piranesi at the Nymphaeum of Egeria: Perspective Expedients.” Graphical Heritage, 2020, 343–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47983-1_31.
Ovid. “Egeria Turned into a Fountain.” In Metamorphoses, translated by Brookes More. Boston, MA: Cornhill Publishing Co., 1922. Perseus Digital Library. Ed. Gregory R. Crane. Tufts University. http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi006.perseus-eng1:15.
Pinto, John A. “The Grotto of Egeria, before 1858.” In City of the Soul: Rome and the Romantics. University Press of New England, 2016. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9k9w.65.
Plutarch. “Life of Numa.” In Lives, Volume I, translated by Bernadotte Perrin. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914.
Swanevelt, Herman van. The Grotto of the Egeria. 1641. Etching on laid paper, 8.5 x 27.8 cm (7 5/16 x 10 15/16 in.). National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.53947.html
15. Ponte Molle
Blin, Arnaud. “Christianity Becomes a State Religion.” In War and Religion: Europe and the Mediterranean from the First through the Twenty-First Centuries, 1st ed., 41–78. University of California Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcwn8sf.8.
Lang, Louis. “The Artists’ Pontemolle Association in Rome.” Bulletin of the American Art-Union, no. 7 (1851): 104–6. https://doi.org/10.2307/20646909.
Marshall, David R. “Piranesi, Juvarra, and the Triumphal Bridge Tradition.” The Art Bulletin 85, no. 2 (2003): 321–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/3177347.
Minor, Heather Hyde. “G. B. Piranesi’s ‘Diverse Maniera’ and the Natural History of Ancient Art.” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 56/57 (2011): 323–51. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24616446.
Rosenfeld, Myra Nan. “Picturesque to Sublime: Piranesi’s Stylistic and Technical Development from 1740 to 1761.” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes 4 (2006): 55–91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4238468.
Serfass, Adam. “Maxentius as Xerxes in Eusebius of Caesarea’s Accounts of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.” Classical Quarterly 72, no. 2 (2022): 822–33. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/maxentius-as-xerxes-eusebius-caesareas-accounts/docview/2814682215/se-2.
Stern, Michael. “For Piranesi, Imagination Trumps Classical Boundaries.” ProQuest, 2007. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2527533231?pq-origsite=primo%2F.
“The Battle of Milvian Bridge and the History of the Book.” Library News, November 1, 2012. https://library.missouri.edu/news/special-collections/the-battle-of-milvian-bridge-and-the-history-of-the-book.
Wheelock, Arthur K. “The Tiber River with the Ponte Molle at Sunset, c. 1650.” NGA Online Editions, December 9, 2019. https://www.nga.gov/collection.html.
16. Aqua Virgo
Amadasi, Maria Elisa, F. Carbotti, D. Gangale Risoleo, E. Iacopini, F. Pizzimenti, and I. Raimondo. “Aqua Virgo Tra Campagna e Città: Lo Sfruttamento Del Territorio e Delle Risorse Idriche.” In Landscape 3: Una Sintesi Di Elementi Diacronici: Uomo e Ambiente Nel Mondo Antico: Un Equilibrio Possibile?, 302–15. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2023.
Frontinus, Sextus Julius. The Two Books on the Water Supply of the City of Rome, translated by Clemens Herschel. Boston: Macmillan, 1899.
Pinto, John A. The Trevi Fountain. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. Accessed October 20, 2024. https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16690.
Taylor, Rabun. “A Citeriobe Ripa Aquae: Aqueduct River Crossings in the Ancient City of Rome.” Papers of the British School at Rome 63 (1995): 75–103.
Wilton-Ely, John. The Mind and Art of Giovanni Battista Piranesi. London: Thames and Hudson, 1978.
17. Sallust
Claridge, Amanda. Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Ficacci, Luigi. Giovanni Battista Piranesi: The Complete Etchings. Cologne: Taschen, 2000.
Hartswick, Kim J. The Gardens of Sallust : A Changing Landscape. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. Print.
Minor, Heather Hyde. Piranesi’s Lost Words. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.
Tafuri, Manfredo. The Sphere and the Labyrinth: Avant-Gardes and Architecture from Piranesi to the 1970s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
Wilton-Ely, John. The Mind and Art of Giovanni Battista Piranesi. London: Thames & Hudson, 1978.
18. Paestum
Wilton-Ely, John. Piranesi, Paestum & Soane. Munich: Prestel, 2013.
Howe, Eunice D., Julia C. Doran, Christine L. Knoke, Leslie R. Rabinovits, Marisa H. Rothman, Angelene T. Tacchini, and Kelly K. White, curators. The Art of Exaggeration: Piranesi's Perspectives on Rome. Fisher Gallery, University of Southern California, 1995.
View of the Remains of the Pronaos of the Building Known as the Temple of Hera I in Paestum (Vue des restes du Pronaos de l’édifice, que l’on peut considérer comme le Collège des Anfictions), “Different Views of Paestum,” Plate 5, c. 1778-1779. Engraving, c. 1778-1779. Sheet/Page: 51.75 H x 69.85 W cm (20 3/8 H x 27 1/2 W in). The Arthur Ross Collection, 2012.159.17.6. https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/178033
Altdorfer, John. "Inside A Fantastical Mind." Carnegie Magazine, Winter 2008. https://carnegiemuseums.org/magazine-archive/2008/winter/article-123.html.
Carrabine, Eamonn. “Reading Pictures: Piranesi and Carceral Landscapes.” Journal of Narrative Criminology, 2019, 10–12. https://repository.essex.ac.uk/25419/.
Foucault, Michel. “‘Panopticism’ from Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison.” Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts 2, no. 1 (2008): 1–12. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25594995.
Hind, A. M. “Giovanni Battista Piranesi and His Carceri.” The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 19, no. 98 (1911): 81–91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/858579.
Hirst, Paul. “Foucault and Architecture.” AA Files, no. 26 (1993): 52–60. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29543867.
MacDonald, William Lloyd. Piranesi’s Carceri: Sources of Invention. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College, 1979.
Mayor, A. Hyatt. “Piranesi.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 33, no. 12 (1938): 279–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/3256393.
McClanahan, Bill. “Punishment, Prisons, and the Visual.” In Visual Criminology, 1st ed., 91–110. Bristol University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1sr6gxt.12.
McKiernan, Mike. “Giovanni Battista Piranesi Imaginary Prisons (Carceri d’Invenzione) Plate VII ‘The Well’ 1760.” Occupational Medicine 67, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqw174.
Pach, Walter. “Imagining Democracy, Punishment, and Infinity: Giovanni Battista Piranesi’s Carceri d’invenzione.” Comparative Literature Undergraduate Journal 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2022). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pc602bp.
Piranesi, Giovanni Battista. The Prisons (Le Carceri): The Complete First and Second States. New York, New York: Dover Publications, 1973.
Rosenfeld, Myra Nan. “Picturesque to Sublime: Piranesi’s Stylistic and Technical Development from 1740 to 1761.” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes 4 (2006): 55–91. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4238468.
Yourcenar, Marguerite. The Dark Brain of Piranesi and Other Essays. Henley on Thames: Ellis, 1984.